Ruby and sapphire are the corundum with beautiful color and transparency, which both have the chemical composition of aluminum oxide. When it is with high purity, it should be colorless. The aluminum oxide contains pigment trace ion, so it will appear in different colors, such as in red while containing chrome - Ruby; in blue while containing titanium and iron - Sapphire.
Ruby and sapphire are both in transparent to translucent, with shiny glass lustre. They have obvious multi colors under the dichroiscope, whose hardness is 9, and the proportion is 4; with the conchoidal fracture, no cleavage; under UV irradiation, ruby has obvious red fluorescence; in addition to individual species found in Sri Lanka sapphire and Kashmir, sapphire has no fluorescent. The world's main countries that produce the ruby are Burma, Sri Lanka and Thailand, and the main countries that produce the sapphire are Australia, Thailand, Burma, Sri Lanka and China. Ruby and sapphire are usually used for ring, women's brooches, earrings, tie clip, and other high-end jewelries.
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